Functionalized carbon nanotubes11/30/2023 The as-prepared MWCNTs were again modified with mercaptoacetic acid coated QDs 31. 31 prepared the MWCNT hybrid nanomaterials by treating CNTs with a 3:1 H 2SO 4/HNO 3 mixture, followed by an activation step with SOCl 2 and a mixture of acyl chloride and ethylene diamine. This type of modification commonly proceeds via three main steps: chemical oxidation, activation and amidation reactions of CNTs. In the case of biosensors of biomolecules, a stable chemical link between AuNPs and CNTs is needed. Many applications require covalent bonds to meet specific purposes. Oxidized CNTs coated with poly-(diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride have also been used as a template for gold NPs self-assembly 21, 22. Other functionalization techniques have been successfully used for this purpose, e.g., gold/iron-oxide magnetic NPs-decorated CNTs (Au/MNP-CNTs) were successfully synthesized through a two-step method 20. 16 reported the preparation of Au-CTNs nanocomposites by growing Au nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs through UV irradiation. Regarding AuNPs chemically linked CNTs nanocomposites, it has been reported that there are various chemical methods to attach gold nanoparticles (NPs) onto MWCNTs 14, 15, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. Because the surfaces of CNTs are inert, a chemical treatment is needed to make it more active to react with other chemical compounds. The latter is commonly formed thanks to covalent bonds between modified CNTs surface and gold nanoparticles dealing with Π-Π stacking, hydrophobic and electrostatistic interactions. The Au nanoparticles can be directly attached to CTNs by physical absorption without any chemical link between the two components, or they can be chemically linked together to form a stable structure 23, 24. Metal decorated CNTs can be obtained by various approaches such as physical deposition 20 or wet chemical deposition 21, 22. The combination of two materials can generate new properties which are not present in their counterparts as described in our recent publications 16, 17, 18, 19. The combination of Au-NPs with CNTs to create nanohybrid materials (AuNPs-CNT) 8, 9, 10 has received considerable attention for numerous applications such as biosensors (DNA, proteins, glucose) 11, gas sensors (oxygen, water vapor) 12, toxicant sensors (arsenic III) 13 and drug delivery 14, 15. Additional layers may be folded together to generate multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be described as a graphitic monolayer rolled up into a nanoscale-tube. Since their discovery by Iijima and Ichihashi 1, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest from the scientific community, thanks to their unique structural, mechanical, and electronic properties 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
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